Checking all the chips would be very, very time consuming. Not to mention we'd need to build some sort of test setup for each chip. It's more likely we'd cause a problem (e.g. bend a pin) than fix a problem.
All the contemporary CPUs you find on affordable boards have only 3.3V (maybe some even 1.8V, at least on a subset of pounds) I/O. Not directly connect able to chips as used in the Alto.
There are still a few CPLD/FPGA available with 5V capable banks, which would be preferable, so you'd build a JTAG TAP for single ICs. At this point, you could as well connect it to a PC using a JTAG pod .
We used to have an old EPROM (the UV-erasable kind) programmer in the lab. I remember it also had a mode for testing 74xx series logic. I don't think it was ever used in that capacity though.
I actually watched a YouTube video the other day where someone used a similar programmer to test all the logic chips in his ZX-80: https://youtu.be/qqUxXrh_xgM (Spoiler warning: it didn't find the failure.)
