Yes. The Pi 4 and 3+ can run Chromium pretty well, although earlier models will struggle a little. All of G-Suite runs, although video conferencing is a little laggy in my experience. Often if you spoof your browser agent you get better compatibility with a lot of applications. I tend to tell sites that I'm using Chrome on ChromeOS, and things just tend to work. A tonne of FOSS software works, and the only real limitation is whether it has been compiled for ARM chips or not.

In addition to all the standard FOSS software you can think of, Wolfram has made the full commercial version of Mathematica available for free for Raspberry Pi users. (It's a huge 600mb+ download.) It's a phenomenal thing for kids who are into math.