No. The only information the blockchain would give you in the proposed "anonymous cash out" scenario is
1. Someone bought ETH on a CEX
2. They then transferred the ETH to a newly created wallet
3. They then did the mentioned NFT trades
4. They then transferred the money back to a CEX wallet
Given only public information, there is no way to identify the individual.
You have to have access to the CEX's (obviously) private database to know who purchased the original ETH and who transferred the arguably ill-gotten gains back to the exchange.
Given only public information? Well in that case we are all anonymous. If you do illegal shenanigans you should assume all information can be used against you.
1. Someone bought ETH on a CEX
2. They then transferred the ETH to a newly created wallet
3. They then did the mentioned NFT trades
4. They then transferred the money back to a CEX wallet
Given only public information, there is no way to identify the individual.
You have to have access to the CEX's (obviously) private database to know who purchased the original ETH and who transferred the arguably ill-gotten gains back to the exchange.