I mean, sorta? First, arbitrary numbers are arbitrary. But I can point to my foot and say that is about a foot in size. An inch is roughly one of my knuckles. A yard is roughly a step.

Even that comic you linked drives this home. None of them are referenced to humans. They are things we mostly know, sure. But they aren't based on a human. (Well, I suppose the mass ones have an amusing set of people listed.)

And this avoids the measures that, for my memory, just haven't made it to metric yet. Acre, Astrological Unit, Knot, etc.