In addition to other answers, ZX81 BASIC had a PLOT command to draw a "dot" on the screen. However since the display was character based (32x24 grid, but the bottom two lines are reserved) what this command actually did was place one of 16 2x2 black and white blocks at the particular character location (giving 64x44 resolution). If there was already a non-block character at the location it was replaced. (Also UNPLOT which was the same except drawing a white quarter-pixel). There were no line or circle drawing commands, so you had to implement that yourself.

Here's the manual reference:

https://worldofspectrum.net/ZX81BasicProgramming/chap18.html

Recently Unicode added these characters:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing