This is really well said. I’ve been trying to articulate this point for a long time. I think the boundary is between things that are temporal or bounded by real time and space vs things that are time independent and state based. Oracles always suffer from this problem even if the authoritative representation is another digital thing. For example the whole NFT url swapping thing. Similarly this comes up in version control a lot when your code depends on things that are unversioned, the commit state may be idempotent but the application is not.