>. Single threaded execution more or less stops at 2 GHz and has remained there.
2012-2022 - no one notices single threaded is stalled because everything moves to VMs in the cloud
Single Thread execution, I assume you mean IPC or may be more accurately as PPC ( Performance Per Clock ) has improved steadily if you accounted for ARM design and not just x86. That is why M1 was so surprising to everyone because most (all) thought Geekbench score on Phone doesn't translate to Desktop and somehow M1 went from nonsense to breakthrough.
Clockspeed also went from 2Ghz to 5Ghz and we are pushing 4Ghz on Mobile Phone already.
And Moores law, in terms of transistor density ends when Intel couldn't deliver 10nm on time, so 2016 / 2017 give or take. But that doesn't mean transistor density is not improving.
The most surprising thing about M1 was the energy efficiency and price/performance point they hit. It had been known for a couple of years that the phone SOCs were getting really good, just that being passively cooled inside a phone case only allows them 1-2 seconds of max bursts.
Apple's chips are dramatically faster than any other kind. If you are single thread perf constrained and have the money, running workloads on Apple silicon can actually make sense.
Nothing to do with that, they just have a head start in the right direction along with enough money to fund many iterations before it landed on Desktop or become accepted by 95% of people.
Qualcomm's current Snapdragon Elite Oryon 2 on Mobile, and ARM Cortex X925 or previously known as X5 are already close to Apple A17 level performance. So this is no longer something unique to Apple.
I just wish both design are more widely available. And for x86, Intel and AMD still haven't quite caught up. At least not in the next 2 years.
Combination of using the latest TSMC processes, a very wide design, very deep speculation pipelines, a weaker memory model than Intel, and lots of clever tricks of the usual sort for fast cpus, also a very high memory bandwidth.
I don't think it's anything to do with patents although I'm sure they have plenty.
The Graph is exactly like I said, Intel falling behind in 10nm ( 2017 - 2020 ) and discounting IPC improvement made in ARM.
But we may finally be hitting a plateau unless Apple can demonstrate improvement in M5 and M6. They have pretty much squeezed out everything with the 8-Wide Design. Not sure if they could go any wider without some significant trade off.
Single Thread execution, I assume you mean IPC or may be more accurately as PPC ( Performance Per Clock ) has improved steadily if you accounted for ARM design and not just x86. That is why M1 was so surprising to everyone because most (all) thought Geekbench score on Phone doesn't translate to Desktop and somehow M1 went from nonsense to breakthrough.
Clockspeed also went from 2Ghz to 5Ghz and we are pushing 4Ghz on Mobile Phone already.
And Moores law, in terms of transistor density ends when Intel couldn't deliver 10nm on time, so 2016 / 2017 give or take. But that doesn't mean transistor density is not improving.