Does anyone have any information on how this could be done? Does this require high tech broadcasting equipment to intercept the transmissions (government sponsored?) or is it something that anyone could do?
anyone can do it, for some values of "anyone" that includes having a good power source, some rf equipment and a few books. mostly the problem involves defending the equipment when people unhappy about said behavior arrive.
I can't say for sure how "they" do it, but there are a number of options available. Radio in general is very leaky - even rather low power and directional beams can be detected off axis if they travel enough distance and you have sensitive enough equipment. In general you just need a few antennas (or even one, if your're a masochist) and an ability to point them at things. Check for when the signal is the strongest, and check for timing between the receivers and you can get a very good idea of where the transmission comes from. In practice you could do this with multiple antennas (an array) on a single satellite, multiple other satellites or spacecraft, or simply an aircraft or trucks if you control the ground space. I'm willing to bet it's usually done on the targeted bird itself, they aren't completely cut off from communication, have multiple antennas and can even adjust their attitude if it was necessary.
This is broadly how the SETI program works for example.
If you'd like a good demonstration of how a jamming device could be found, simply buy a high-power 10 meter radio transciever and set it up to constantly transmit music at 28.400 MHz. You'll effectively monopolize the frequency over a large distance, and within a very short period of time the FCC will arrive to demonstrate their RF tracking techniques.
The FCC will care if you are transmitting without a license, broadcasting (rather than performing 2-way communications), and sending music--all three of these are violations of FCC regulations. Once they determine that it's an ongoing disruption, they will come out with a direction-finding rig, as they have in the past for "pirate" operators causing disruption.
Think of it this way: radio is light. There's a light sensor on a satellite that the BBC shines at. Someone else is shining a really-bright light at the satellite so it can't "see" the BBC's light through the glare of the other bright light.
Kind of like trying to see a flashlight when someone's shining headlights at you.
But ... if you're shining a really bright light then everyone who cares to look can see where it's coming from.
Very possible. In fact, some aircraft and ship navigation systems (prior to GPS) at a very basic level determine position through triangulation based on direction to known RF emitters. (See Loran, NDB, etc).
Its also a popular sub-activity of HAM radio, in which its called "Foxhunting."
